structure

1. Introduction
2. Overview（相当于总结，感觉）
3. Details_1
4. Details_2

1.Line graph

总体

1. Introduction
2. Overview
   （总体比较，比如说蓝线在总时期相比其他线都高）
3. Details_1
   （3，4段写：比较线特定的点；比如第一年，交叉点，一条or多条的峰值，稳定时期。每一行说一句话，尽量包括比较）
4. Details_2

常用短语

• amount of electricity produced
• source of / provided / generating
• means of electricity generation
• over a period of / over the period shown
• by far the most important
• a negligible amount
• nuclear power overtook thermal power
• as the primary source of electricity
• rose dramatically to a peak of
• by contrast
• the figure for
• remained at this level, remained stable

例子

Introdution – 根据标题改写

The line graph compares the amount of electricity produced in France using four different sources of power over a period of 32 years.这是从图表看出来的

Overview – 2 sentences, 2 main points

图表看出核能最高，可再使用最低

lt is clear that nuclear power was by far the most important means of electricity generation over the period shown. Renewables provided the lowest amount of electricity in each year.

Details – 2ps, compare

P3，比较的第一年，同时提到了四种能源

In 1980, thermal power stations were the main source of electricity in France, generating around 120 terawatt hours of power. Nuclear and hydroelectric power stations produced just under 75 terawatt hours of electricity each, and renewables provided a negligible amount.

P4，每一条线都选择一个点说，同时比较

Between 1980 and 2005, electricity production from nuclear power rose dramatically to a peak of 430 terawatt hours. By contrast, the figure for thermal power fell to only 50 terawatt hours in 1985, and remained at this level for the rest of the period. Hydroelectric power generation remained relatively stable, at between 50 and 80 terawatt hours, for the whole 32-year period, but renewable electricity production saw only a small rise toapproximately 25 terawatt hours by 2012.

2.Bar chart

总体

只比较数字

1. Introduction
2. Overview
   （总体比较，比如shopA的最高的，shopB都很相同）
3. Details_1
   （3，4段写：两家店同一商品数量的比较，两家店卖的最多的商品etc.）
4. Details_2

短语

• sold worldwide
• sales figures, purchases
• most popular, best selling brand, top selling
• second most successful manufacturer
• market leader
• mobiles phones, handsets, units
• brands, manufacturers, companies, vendors
• saw the biggest rises, saw declining sales
• close to, almost,capproximately, around
• double the number
• rise by a similar amount
• respectivelyovertook the other two vendors

例子

Introdution – 根据标题改写

The bar chart compares the number of mobile phones sold worldwide by the five most popular manufacturers in the years 2009,2011 and 2013.

Overview – 2 sentences, 2 main points

20092011nokia最高，2013samsung最高，2019-2013前两者一直在增加

lt is clear that Nokia sold the most mobile phones between 2009 and 2011, but Samsung became the best selling brand in 2013.Samsung and Apple saw the biggest rises in sales over the 5-year period.

Details – 2ps, compare

P3，compare samsung and nokia

ln 2009, Nokia sold close to 450 million mobile phones, which was almost double the number of handsets sold by the second most successful manufacturer, Samsung. Over the following four years, however, Nokia’s sales figures fell by
approximately 200 million units, whereas Samsung saw sales rise by a similar amount. By 2013, Samsung had become the market leader with sales reaching 450 million units.

P4, other munufacture

The other three top selling mobile phone brands between 2009 and 2013 were LG, ZTE and Apple. ln 2009, these companies sold around 125 million, 50 million and 25 million mobile handsets respectively, but Apple overtook the other two vendors in 2011.In 2013, purchases of Apple handsets reached 150 million units, while LG saw declining sales and the figures for ZTE rose only slightly.

3.Pie chart

总体

一般是展示百分比

短语

• spending, expenditure, spent, costs
• proportion of spending
• percentage of household budget
• the equivalent figure for a Uk home
• fell, rose, saw an increase in
• by 2008, expenditure had fallen
• spent a significantly larger percentage
• than their New Zealand counterparts
• 29% of an average household budget went on
• while, by contrast
• leisure accounted for the highest proportion
• spent half as much in relative terms

例子

Introdution – 根据标题改写

The pie charts compare five categories of household expenditure in the UK and New Zealand in the years 1980 and 2008.

Overview – 2 sentences, 2 main points

相似之处：这两个国家蓝色的都减少了，绿色都增加了；区别：橙色UK都很高

It is noticeable that the proportion of spending on food and drink fell in both countries over the 28-year period, while spending on utility bills rose. Also, UK residents spent a significantly larger percentage of their household budgets on leisure than their New Zealand counterparts.

Details – 2ps, compare

P3,详细的描述overview里面的

In 1980, 29% of an average New Zealand household budget went on food and drink, while the equivalent figure for a UK home was 23%. By 2008, expenditure on food and drink had fallen by 4% in New Zealand, and by a full 10% in the UK. By contrast, both countries saw an increase inexpenditure on utility bills for the average home. from 27% to 31% in New Zealand and from 26% to28% in the UK.

P4,详细的描述overview里面的+other

Leisure activities accounted for the highest proportion of UK household spending in both years, but only the third highest proportion in New Zealand.In fact, in 2008, New Zealanders spent only half as much in relative terms on recreation (17%) as UK residents (34%).In both countries, transport costs and other costs took roughly 15% and 10% of household budgets respectively!

4.Table

短语

• five highest ranking countries
• the world’s most popular tourist destination
• earned by far the most
• revenue from tourism
• the second most visited country
• received… visitors
• ranked fifth
• 2013 saw a rise of
• fewer visitors than in the previous year
• these figures were well over twice as high as
• amounts of tourist revenue
• despite falling numbers
• saw a rise / increased / rising from / rose by

5.Diagram – comparing（太难了）

总体

注意时态

前后对比（时态） / 两种不同设计的（现在） / locations（现在）

短语

• existing plan -> current layout
• proposed plan -> plan to redesign
• design proposal, planned building work
• there will no longer be
• this will be achieved by removing
• will also contain, will also include
• will be installed, will be replaced
• the design proposal involves
• when the building work has been done
• living space, central hall area, staircase
• under-stair storage cupboard
• a new set of winding stairs
• the installation of some kitchen furniture

例子

Introdution – 根据标题改写

The two pictures compare the current layout of the ground floor of a house with a plan to redesign the same living space.

Overview – 2 sentences, 2 main points

一个不变，一个变了的

We can see that the new design proposal involves making a number of changes to the ground floor of the house, mainly in the central hall area.There are no plans to change external walls or entrances

Details – 2ps, compare

The most noticeable change from the existing to the proposed floor plan is that there will no longer be a separate hall area when the building work has been done. This will be achieved by removing the internal wall and door between the hall and living room, along with the current staircase and under-stair storage cupboard. With no separate hall area, the proposed living room will also contain the staircase to the first floor

To replace the current straight staircase, a new set of winding stairs will be installed in the corner of the living room. The internal door between the hall and kitchen will also be replaced with double door sconnecting the kitchen with the new living room. Finally, the planned building work will also include the installation of some kitchen furniture.

6.Diagram – process

总体

没有数字，没有比较，没有趋势

• 多少步骤
• 开始和结束
• 每一步

短语

steps：

• At the first stage in the process
• The process begins with
• Secondly, Finally
• The second step involves
• Next, then, after that
• At the following stage

被动语态：

每一步的

例子

Introdution – 根据标题改写

The first flow diagram illustrates the process of glass container production, and the second diagram shows steps in the process of recycling used glass.

Overview – 2 sentences, 2 main points

We can see that glass is made using three main raw materials, and that the manufacturing process consists of four distinct stages. lt requires five steps to turn used glass into new glass products.

Details – 2ps, 分别说

P3

At the first stage in the production of glass, sand, soda ash, limestone and other chemicals are mixed together. Next, this mixture is heated in a glass furnace at approximately 1500°C to produce molten glass.The molten glass can then beshaped, by blowing, to create the end products, namely glass containers.

P4

Glass recycling begins with the collection of used glass products. The collected glass is sorted according to its colour, and then washed in order to remove any impurities. At the fourth stage of recycling, the glass is crushed and melted, and the resulting molten glass can finally be moulded to create new items.

2 tast2

四种问题：

1. Discussion
   • Some people think that it is more effective for students to study in groups, while others believe that it is better for them to study alone. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
     • People have different views about the effectiveness of group study as opposed to working alone. While there are some benefits to studying independently, I believe that group work is usually more productive.
2. Opinion
   • Some people believe that unpaid community serviceshould be a compulsory part of high school programmes.To what extent do you agree or disagree?
     • It is sometimes argued that high school students should be made to do some work in their local communities. In my opinion, it would be wrong to force teenagers to do any kind of unsalaried work.
3. Problem and solution
   • Many criminals reoffend after they have been punished. Why do some people continue to commit crimes after they have been punished, and what measures can be taken to tackle this problem?
     • It is true that punishments do not always deter criminals from committing more crimes. There are various reasons why offenders repeatedly break the law, but governments could certainly take steps to address this issue.
4. Two-part question
   • As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual well-being. What factors contribute to job satisfaction? How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?
     • Work plays a central role in our lives, and we would all like to feel fulfilled professionally. While a variety of factors may lead to job satisfaction, it would be unrealistic to expect everyone to be happy at work.